# 单选框

- 页面: https://jiguang132.com/zh/resources/material-ui/docs/radio-buttons
- 资源: Material UI (https://jiguang132.com/zh/resources/material-ui.md)
- 全部指南: https://jiguang132.com/zh/resources/material-ui/docs.md

在互斥的原生 RadioGroup 中选择一个值。

本指南覆盖默认 Emotion 环境的 Material UI Core；扩展包与额外示例按清单单独标注。

## 使用场景与业务边界

值和校验由宿主负责；关联分组标签，并保留一致的组名。

## 原生组成与范围

`Radio`, `RadioGroup`, `FormControl`, `FormLabel`, `FormControlLabel`

保持 Material UI 原生组合与类型，不替换为 JGuang／Base UI／Radix 同名 API。示例条目不是额外组件。

## 原生安装与初始化

```bash
npm install @mui/material@9.4.0 @emotion/react@11.14.0 @emotion/styled@11.14.1
```

采用原生 npm 包与 Emotion，不提供虚构的 JGuang UI Registry 地址。将示例放在原生 ThemeProvider 内，按项目选择 CssBaseline 或 ScopedCssBaseline。先检查 React、现有 Provider、锁文件与 SSR 配置；不要覆盖用户文件或忽略 peer 冲突。本批实际验收 React 19.2.8；React 18 及以下须匹配 react-is。完整初始化规则见随附的双语 setup 文档。

## 关键原生参数

仅解释本指南选出的关键参数，不是平铺的通用 API。原生继承来源、slot 结构、可空值与泛型仍按固定源码保留。

| 所属组件.属性 | 用途说明 | 声明来源 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `RadioGroup.name` | 相关控件使用的原生表单／分组名称。 | `RadioGroup` |
| `RadioGroup.value` | 受控原生值，其单值／数组／可空类型取决于所属组件。 | `RadioGroup` |
| `RadioGroup.onChange` | 所属控件的原生回调，保留其准确事件／数值／可空签名。 | `RadioGroup` |
| `Radio.checked` | 受控二元选择，与原生变化回调配套。 | `Radio` |
| `Radio.disabled` | 原生禁用交互状态，不是权限校验。 | `Radio` |

## 可运行原生示例

下列机器键只选择示例入口，不会作为通用 variant 属性传入每个组件。原生示例 JSX 与数据保持上游原文；JGuang 编写的验收示例明确标注。

- 单选组 · `RadioButtonsGroup` · 上游原生示例
- 方向 · `RowRadioButtonsGroup` · 上游原生示例
- 受控状态 · `ControlledRadioButtonsGroup` · 上游原生示例
- 独立单选框 · `RadioButtons` · 上游原生示例
- 尺寸 · `SizeRadioButtons` · 上游原生示例
- 颜色 · `ColorRadioButtons` · 上游原生示例
- 标签位置 · `FormControlLabelPlacement` · 上游原生示例
- 展示错误 · `ErrorRadios` · 上游原生示例
- 定制样式 · `CustomizedRadios` · 上游原生示例
- 基础示例 · `UseRadioGroup` · 上游原生示例

## 真实使用示例

固定版本的未修改原生示例；复制时同时保留所需的局部辅助文件。

```tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import Radio from '@mui/material/Radio';
import RadioGroup from '@mui/material/RadioGroup';
import FormControlLabel from '@mui/material/FormControlLabel';
import FormControl from '@mui/material/FormControl';
import FormLabel from '@mui/material/FormLabel';

export default function RadioButtonsGroup() {
  const id = React.useId();
  return (
    <FormControl>
      <FormLabel id={`${id}-label`}>Gender</FormLabel>
      <RadioGroup
        aria-labelledby={`${id}-label`}
        defaultValue="female"
        name="radio-buttons-group"
      >
        <FormControlLabel value="female" control={<Radio />} label="Female" />
        <FormControlLabel value="male" control={<Radio />} label="Male" />
        <FormControlLabel value="other" control={<Radio />} label="Other" />
      </RadioGroup>
    </FormControl>
  );
}

```

## 示例依赖边界

`react`, `@mui/material/Radio`, `@mui/material/RadioGroup`, `@mui/material/FormControlLabel`, `@mui/material/FormControl`, `@mui/material/FormLabel`, `@mui/material/colors`, `@mui/material/FormHelperText`, `@mui/material/Button`, `@mui/material/styles`

直接导入 Icons／System／Utils 的示例需要匹配 9.4.0 包。局部数据与辅助文件属于示例闭包，不是额外组件。远程图片和模拟操作不提供后端。

## 固定上游 API 元数据参考

以下表格保留上游元数据，不是重新推断的通用类型体系。条件泛型、继承属性与回调细节以以下源码声明为准。主题默认配置可能覆盖元数据默认值。

### Radio

```tsx
import Radio from '@mui/material/Radio';
import { Radio } from '@mui/material';
```

原生继承: `ButtonBase`. 父级与 DOM 属性未被伪造为本组件新属性。

| 属性 | 必需 | 上游元数据类型／约束 | 元数据默认值 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `checked` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `checkedIcon` | 否 | `node` | `<RadioButtonIcon checked />` |
| `classes` | 否 | `object` | — |
| `color` | 否 | `'default' \| 'primary' \| 'secondary' \| 'error' \| 'info' \| 'success' \| 'warning' \| string` | `'primary'` |
| `disabled` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `disableRipple` | 否 | `bool` | `false` |
| `icon` | 否 | `node` | `<RadioButtonIcon />` |
| `id` | 否 | `string` | — |
| `name` | 否 | `string` | — |
| `onChange` | 否 | `func` | — |
| `required` | 否 | `bool` | `false` |
| `size` | 否 | `'medium' \| 'small' \| string` | `'medium'` |
| `slotProps` | 否 | `{ input?: func \| object, root?: func \| object }` | `{}` |
| `slots` | 否 | `{ input?: elementType, root?: elementType }` | `{}` |
| `sx` | 否 | `Array<func \| object \| bool> \| func \| object` | — |
| `value` | 否 | `any` | — |



### RadioGroup

```tsx
import RadioGroup from '@mui/material/RadioGroup';
import { RadioGroup } from '@mui/material';
```

原生继承: `FormGroup`. 父级与 DOM 属性未被伪造为本组件新属性。

| 属性 | 必需 | 上游元数据类型／约束 | 元数据默认值 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `children` | 否 | `node` | — |
| `defaultValue` | 否 | `any` | — |
| `name` | 否 | `string` | — |
| `onChange` | 否 | `func` | — |
| `value` | 否 | `any` | — |



### FormControl

```tsx
import FormControl from '@mui/material/FormControl';
import { FormControl } from '@mui/material';
```

| 属性 | 必需 | 上游元数据类型／约束 | 元数据默认值 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `children` | 否 | `node` | — |
| `classes` | 否 | `object` | — |
| `color` | 否 | `'primary' \| 'secondary' \| 'error' \| 'info' \| 'success' \| 'warning' \| string` | `'primary'` |
| `component` | 否 | `elementType` | — |
| `disabled` | 否 | `bool` | `false` |
| `error` | 否 | `bool` | `false` |
| `focused` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `fullWidth` | 否 | `bool` | `false` |
| `hiddenLabel` | 否 | `bool` | `false` |
| `margin` | 否 | `'dense' \| 'none' \| 'normal'` | `'none'` |
| `required` | 否 | `bool` | `false` |
| `size` | 否 | `'medium' \| 'small' \| string` | `'medium'` |
| `sx` | 否 | `Array<func \| object \| bool> \| func \| object` | — |
| `variant` | 否 | `'filled' \| 'outlined' \| 'standard'` | `'outlined'` |



### FormLabel

```tsx
import FormLabel from '@mui/material/FormLabel';
import { FormLabel } from '@mui/material';
```

| 属性 | 必需 | 上游元数据类型／约束 | 元数据默认值 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `children` | 否 | `node` | — |
| `classes` | 否 | `object` | — |
| `color` | 否 | `'error' \| 'info' \| 'primary' \| 'secondary' \| 'success' \| 'warning' \| string` | — |
| `component` | 否 | `elementType` | — |
| `disabled` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `error` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `filled` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `focused` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `required` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `sx` | 否 | `Array<func \| object \| bool> \| func \| object` | — |



### FormControlLabel

```tsx
import FormControlLabel from '@mui/material/FormControlLabel';
import { FormControlLabel } from '@mui/material';
```

| 属性 | 必需 | 上游元数据类型／约束 | 元数据默认值 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `control` | 是 | `element` | — |
| `checked` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `classes` | 否 | `object` | — |
| `disabled` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `disableTypography` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `inputRef` | 否 | `ref` | — |
| `label` | 否 | `node` | — |
| `labelPlacement` | 否 | `'bottom' \| 'end' \| 'start' \| 'top'` | `'end'` |
| `onChange` | 否 | `func` | — |
| `required` | 否 | `bool` | — |
| `slotProps` | 否 | `{ typography?: func \| object }` | `{}` |
| `slots` | 否 | `{ typography?: elementType }` | `{}` |
| `sx` | 否 | `Array<func \| object \| bool> \| func \| object` | — |
| `value` | 否 | `any` | — |


## 原生源码声明

声明与 import 从固定源码提取，不平铺联合类型或外部继承。英文注释／类型属于原始源码参考，不代表上游正文已全文翻译。共享类型仍位于原生包中。

### vendor/src/Radio/Radio.d.ts

```ts
import * as React from 'react';

import { SxProps } from '@mui/system';

import { OverridableStringUnion } from '@mui/types';

import { Theme } from '../styles';

import { InternalStandardProps as StandardProps } from '../internal';

import { CreateSlotsAndSlotProps, SlotProps } from '../utils/types';

import { SwitchBaseProps } from '../internal/SwitchBase';

import { RadioClasses } from './radioClasses';

export interface RadioPropsSizeOverrides {}

export interface RadioPropsColorOverrides {}

export interface RadioRootSlotPropsOverrides {}

export interface RadioInputSlotPropsOverrides {}

export interface RadioSlots {
  /**
   * The component that renders the root slot.
   * @default SwitchBase
   */
  root: React.ElementType;
  /**
   * The component that renders the input slot.
   * @default SwitchBase's input
   */
  input: React.ElementType;
}

export type RadioSlotsAndSlotProps = CreateSlotsAndSlotProps<
  RadioSlots,
  {
    /**
     * Props forwarded to the root slot.
     * By default, the available props are based on the span element.
     */
    root: SlotProps<
      React.ElementType<SwitchBaseProps>,
      RadioRootSlotPropsOverrides,
      RadioOwnerState
    >;
    /**
     * Props forwarded to the input slot.
     * By default, the available props are based on the input element.
     */
    input: SlotProps<'input', RadioInputSlotPropsOverrides, RadioOwnerState>;
  }
>;

export interface RadioProps
  extends
    StandardProps<
      SwitchBaseProps,
      'checkedIcon' | 'color' | 'icon' | 'type' | 'slots' | 'slotProps'
    >,
    RadioSlotsAndSlotProps {
  /**
   * The icon to display when the component is checked.
   * @default <RadioButtonIcon checked />
   */
  checkedIcon?: React.ReactNode;
  /**
   * Override or extend the styles applied to the component.
   */
  classes?: Partial<RadioClasses> | undefined;
  /**
   * The color of the component.
   * It supports both default and custom theme colors, which can be added as shown in the
   * [palette customization guide](https://mui.com/material-ui/customization/palette/#custom-colors).
   * @default 'primary'
   */
  color?:
    | OverridableStringUnion<
        'primary' | 'secondary' | 'error' | 'info' | 'success' | 'warning' | 'default',
        RadioPropsColorOverrides
      >
    | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the component is disabled.
   */
  disabled?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * The icon to display when the component is unchecked.
   * @default <RadioButtonIcon />
   */
  icon?: React.ReactNode;
  /**
   * The size of the component.
   * `small` is equivalent to the dense radio styling.
   * @default 'medium'
   */
  size?: OverridableStringUnion<'small' | 'medium', RadioPropsSizeOverrides> | undefined;
  /**
   * The system prop that allows defining system overrides as well as additional CSS styles.
   */
  sx?: SxProps<Theme> | undefined;
}

export interface RadioOwnerState extends Omit<RadioProps, 'slots' | 'slotProps'> {}

export default function Radio(props: RadioProps): React.JSX.Element;
```

### vendor/src/RadioGroup/RadioGroup.d.ts

```ts
import * as React from 'react';

import { FormGroupProps } from '../FormGroup';

export interface RadioGroupProps extends Omit<FormGroupProps, 'onChange'> {
  /**
   * The default value. Use when the component is not controlled.
   */
  defaultValue?: any;
  /**
   * The name used to reference the value of the control.
   * If you don't provide this prop, it falls back to a randomly generated name.
   */
  name?: string | undefined;
  /**
   * Callback fired when a radio button is selected.
   *
   * @param {React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>} event The event source of the callback.
   * @param {string} value The value of the selected radio button.
   * You can pull out the new value by accessing `event.target.value` (string).
   */
  onChange?: ((event: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>, value: string) => void) | undefined;
  /**
   * Value of the selected radio button. The DOM API casts this to a string.
   */
  value?: any;
}

export default function RadioGroup(props: RadioGroupProps): React.JSX.Element;
```

### vendor/src/FormControl/FormControl.d.ts

```ts
import * as React from 'react';

import { SxProps } from '@mui/system';

import { OverridableStringUnion } from '@mui/types';

import { OverridableComponent, OverrideProps } from '../OverridableComponent';

import { Theme } from '../styles';

import { FormControlClasses } from './formControlClasses';

export interface FormControlPropsSizeOverrides {}

export interface FormControlPropsColorOverrides {}

export interface FormControlOwnProps {
  /**
   * The content of the component.
   */
  children?: React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement>['children'] | undefined;
  /**
   * Override or extend the styles applied to the component.
   */
  classes?: Partial<FormControlClasses> | undefined;
  /**
   * The color of the component.
   * It supports both default and custom theme colors, which can be added as shown in the
   * [palette customization guide](https://mui.com/material-ui/customization/palette/#custom-colors).
   * @default 'primary'
   */
  color?:
    | OverridableStringUnion<
        'primary' | 'secondary' | 'error' | 'info' | 'success' | 'warning',
        FormControlPropsColorOverrides
      >
    | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the label, input and helper text should be displayed in a disabled state.
   * @default false
   */
  disabled?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the label is displayed in an error state.
   * @default false
   */
  error?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the component will take up the full width of its container.
   * @default false
   */
  fullWidth?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the component is displayed in focused state.
   */
  focused?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the label is hidden.
   * This is used to increase density for a `FilledInput`.
   * Be sure to add `aria-label` to the `input` element.
   * @default false
   */
  hiddenLabel?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * If `dense` or `normal`, will adjust vertical spacing of this and contained components.
   * @default 'none'
   */
  margin?: 'dense' | 'normal' | 'none' | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the label will indicate that the `input` is required.
   * @default false
   */
  required?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * The size of the component.
   * @default 'medium'
   */
  size?: OverridableStringUnion<'small' | 'medium', FormControlPropsSizeOverrides> | undefined;
  /**
   * The system prop that allows defining system overrides as well as additional CSS styles.
   */
  sx?: SxProps<Theme> | undefined;
  /**
   * The variant to use.
   * @default 'outlined'
   */
  variant?: 'standard' | 'outlined' | 'filled' | undefined;
}

export interface FormControlTypeMap<
  AdditionalProps = {},
  RootComponent extends React.ElementType = 'div',
> {
  props: AdditionalProps & FormControlOwnProps;
  defaultComponent: RootComponent;
}

declare const FormControl: OverridableComponent<FormControlTypeMap>;

export type FormControlProps<
  RootComponent extends React.ElementType = FormControlTypeMap['defaultComponent'],
  AdditionalProps = {},
> = OverrideProps<FormControlTypeMap<AdditionalProps, RootComponent>, RootComponent> & {
  component?: React.ElementType | undefined;
};
```

### vendor/src/FormLabel/FormLabel.d.ts

```ts
import * as React from 'react';

import { SxProps } from '@mui/system';

import { OverridableStringUnion } from '@mui/types';

import { Theme } from '../styles';

import { OverridableComponent, OverrideProps, OverridableTypeMap } from '../OverridableComponent';

import { FormLabelClasses } from './formLabelClasses';

export interface FormLabelPropsColorOverrides {}

export type FormLabelBaseProps = React.LabelHTMLAttributes<HTMLLabelElement>;

export interface FormLabelOwnProps {
  /**
   * The content of the component.
   */
  children?: React.LabelHTMLAttributes<HTMLLabelElement>['children'] | undefined;
  /**
   * Override or extend the styles applied to the component.
   */
  classes?: Partial<FormLabelClasses> | undefined;
  /**
   * The color of the component.
   * It supports both default and custom theme colors, which can be added as shown in the
   * [palette customization guide](https://mui.com/material-ui/customization/palette/#custom-colors).
   */
  color?:
    | OverridableStringUnion<
        'primary' | 'secondary' | 'error' | 'info' | 'success' | 'warning',
        FormLabelPropsColorOverrides
      >
    | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the label should be displayed in a disabled state.
   */
  disabled?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the label is displayed in an error state.
   */
  error?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the label should use filled classes key.
   */
  filled?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the input of this label is focused (used by `FormGroup` components).
   */
  focused?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the label will indicate that the `input` is required.
   */
  required?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * The system prop that allows defining system overrides as well as additional CSS styles.
   */
  sx?: SxProps<Theme> | undefined;
}

export interface FormLabelTypeMap<
  AdditionalProps = {},
  RootComponent extends React.ElementType = 'label',
> {
  props: AdditionalProps & FormLabelBaseProps & FormLabelOwnProps;
  defaultComponent: RootComponent;
}

declare const FormLabel: OverridableComponent<FormLabelTypeMap>;

export interface ExtendFormLabelTypeMap<TypeMap extends OverridableTypeMap> {
  props: TypeMap['props'] & Pick<FormLabelOwnProps, 'filled' | 'color'>;
  defaultComponent: TypeMap['defaultComponent'];
}

export type FormLabelProps<
  RootComponent extends React.ElementType = FormLabelTypeMap['defaultComponent'],
  AdditionalProps = {},
> = OverrideProps<FormLabelTypeMap<AdditionalProps, RootComponent>, RootComponent> & {
  component?: React.ElementType | undefined;
};
```

### vendor/src/FormControlLabel/FormControlLabel.d.ts

```ts
import * as React from 'react';

import { SxProps } from '@mui/system';

import { Theme } from '../styles';

import { InternalStandardProps as StandardProps } from '../internal';

import Typography from '../Typography';

import { FormControlLabelClasses } from './formControlLabelClasses';

import { CreateSlotsAndSlotProps, SlotProps } from '../utils/types';

export interface FormControlLabelSlots {
  /**
   * The component that renders the label.
   * This is unused if `disableTypography` is true.
   * @default Typography
   */
  typography: React.ElementType;
}

export type FormControlLabelSlotsAndSlotProps = CreateSlotsAndSlotProps<
  FormControlLabelSlots,
  {
    typography: SlotProps<typeof Typography, {}, FormControlLabelProps>;
  }
>;

export interface FormControlLabelProps
  extends
    StandardProps<React.LabelHTMLAttributes<HTMLLabelElement>, 'children' | 'onChange'>,
    FormControlLabelSlotsAndSlotProps {
  /**
   * If `true`, the component appears selected.
   */
  checked?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * Override or extend the styles applied to the component.
   */
  classes?: Partial<FormControlLabelClasses> | undefined;
  /**
   * A control element. For instance, it can be a `Radio`, a `Switch` or a `Checkbox`.
   */
  control: React.ReactElement<unknown, any>;
  /**
   * If `true`, the control is disabled.
   */
  disabled?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the label is rendered as it is passed without an additional typography node.
   */
  disableTypography?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * Pass a ref to the `input` element.
   */
  inputRef?: React.Ref<any> | undefined;
  /**
   * A text or an element to be used in an enclosing label element.
   */
  label: React.ReactNode;
  /**
   * The position of the label.
   * @default 'end'
   */
  labelPlacement?: 'end' | 'start' | 'top' | 'bottom' | undefined;
  name?: string | undefined;
  /**
   * Callback fired when the state is changed.
   *
   * @param {React.SyntheticEvent} event The event source of the callback.
   * You can pull out the new checked state by accessing `event.target.checked` (boolean).
   */
  onChange?: ((event: React.SyntheticEvent, checked: boolean) => void) | undefined;
  /**
   * If `true`, the label will indicate that the `input` is required.
   */
  required?: boolean | undefined;
  /**
   * The system prop that allows defining system overrides as well as additional CSS styles.
   */
  sx?: SxProps<Theme> | undefined;
  /**
   * The value of the component.
   */
  value?: unknown;
}

export default function FormControlLabel(props: FormControlLabelProps): React.JSX.Element;
```

## 安装后验收

执行严格类型检查、生产构建和实际交互。检查键盘标签／焦点、原生支持的禁用／错误／只读语义、深浅色、窄屏和减少动画。按真实宿主数据检查回调，不把复制提示词当作安装完成。初始化工具还需检查服务端 HTML 与无告警水合。

## 来源与许可

https://github.com/mui/material-ui/tree/809a7717b4c050ba3f69b75300689f07c050a16e

MIT · @mui/material@9.4.0. 保留上游原始内容与许可证。上游完整原文保留于 vendor/docs，不标为全文中文化。

---

JGuang 全部资源索引: https://jiguang132.com/llms.txt